Method and apparatus to provide information and  consumer-acceptable advertising via data  communications clients

ABSTRACT

In a data communication system a SMS data communication client operates in known fashion. An additional communication channel is established and data being entered into the client is transmitted to a central server. At the server end the user is identified in a customer database which also stored a profile of the user. Information from an ad database is selected for transmission back to the client in dependence upon the data and profile. Where the information takes the form of advertising, it may be displayed by the client as a truncated indicator during message entry and a fuller composition with active links after sending is completed.

The present invention relates to method and apparatus to provide information and consumer-acceptable advertising via data communications clients.

In many forms of data communication a data client, such as a personal computer running internet browser software client, the data ultimately sought is not held on the user's equipment but on a host computer or server. Of course an Internet browser is optimized for searching and most search engines (Google, MSN, etc.) are available for use with direct charge to the user; revenue instead coming from a levy on websites visted via sponsored links. Moreover, many destination websites themselves have embedded or pop-up advertising.

As far as sponsored links are concerned, these are displayed as a direct result of a targeted search by the user and can be considered valid search results. Embedded or pop up advertising, by contrast is not advertising likely to provide a user with on target competitive information; the former being restricted to those products offered by the proprietor of the site visited and the later being typically for unrelated and often unwanted services. Such advertising can often be annoying to the user and generally taint the use of the data client as an advertising channel. Nonetheless the advertising potential of such a channel is obvious and the present invention seeks to provide user acceptable advertising via the data communication client.

The data client may be the Internet browser itself or other applications capable of direct communication such as an e-mail client or other messaging application. Alternatively, the invention may be applied to applications which are not themselves communication clients but nonetheless are capable of gathering information which could be used to provide useful information and acceptable advertising to a user via a data communication client.

The user equipment could be a straightforward personal computer or workstation with an internet connection or any other communication capable device connectable to a server such as a mobile terminal, mobile phone, Personal Digital Assistant or other wireless terminal device.

Where the equipment is a mobile device, particular problems exist in that off target or random advertising could be especially annoying since such devices have small screens and restricted bandwidth. An application which permitted unrestricted advertising for example may occupy so much screen area or channel bandwidth as to render the device useable for that application. The same may apply to non-advertising information and as such users would be deprived of useful information and advertising and providers of potential advertising revenue. The present invention seeks to provide information and user acceptable advertising via the data communication client of a mobile device.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for providing information, advertising or other relevant data to a terminal device, the method comprising establishing a communications link to a remote data system, transmitting data being entered, accessed or received, or data derived or predicted from data being entered, accessed or received using the terminal device to the remote data system via the communications link, receiving information, advertising or other relevant data from the remote data system via the communications link, the information, advertising or other relevant data being selected in dependence on the data transmitted, and receiving displaying the selected information, advertising or other relevant data at the terminal.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the system comprises a data communications system arranged to establish a communications link to a remote data system, capture and transmit data being entered, or accessed, by, or data derived or predicted from data being entered, accessed or received by a user into the data communications system to the remote data system via the communications link, and receive information, advertising or other relevant data from the remote data system via the communications link, the information, advertising or other relevant data being selected in dependence on the data transmitted.

The terminal device may be a mobile telephone or PDA.

Preferably, the communications link is established using a data communications client and transmission is via the client which may be an email client, Small Message System client or the like.

Preferably, the communications link is dedicated or separate to the communications link used to communicate SMS messages, emails and the like by the client. SMS messages are typically delivered on the control channels of a GSM network. The advertising is delivered over a separate communications link to an ad-server which is a GPRS or 3G data link. Typically such a link is not established by the mobile phone to deliver the SMS itself. In the case of email, a similar data channel is established only after the composition of the email is finished and it is time for it to be sent to the recipient.

Preferably, the information, advertising or other relevant data is obtained in substantially real time to enable display of the information, advert or data while the user is still entering or accessing the transmitted data.

As additional data is entered or accessed, the advertising or other data for example may be refined by a feedback loop.

It will be appreciated that unlike a targeted search using a search engine the information or advertising transmitted is derived from data entered into the terminal device in the context of another application (e.g. writing a letter using a word processing application) or task (e.g. sending an SMS text message). Thus content selected from that available at a server is pushed to the terminal device in a context or data dependent manner.

In another aspect of the invention the user may browse the past content served using a simple interface and choose data which is relevant to him in the present context. The interface could be present for example on a mobile phone or could be presented through the Internet or other similar means. The interface would include a method of modifying past data and advertisements to account for a change in context and may be used either in real time or to modify a profile stored for future use. Refinement could also be performed using pre-acquired data on the user (based on prior data or inputted preferences).Hence another aspect of the invention is refinement of advertising and other relevant data by using active consumer feedback. The consumer is able to browse advertising history and look at the associated context to understand how the choice of relevant content was made. He will then have an option to choose a more relevant advertisement or data to be associated with a context. Such active feedback data will be used to refine the selective behaviour of the server and the client.

The method and system could be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or some combination.

In one embodiment, a client transmits data in real-time as electronic messages are input by a consumer. A secure communications link established for that purpose and separate from the purpose of sending the electronic message to the intended recipient is established, the data transmitted to a remote system where it is processed and analyzed together with collected information about the consumer, in order to choose relevant advertisements, messages or promotions, which are then transmitted back to the client which is then displayed on the portion of user interface which the consumer has authorized in prior to be used for such display, that portion distinctly different and demarcated from the electronic message body.

In another embodiment, a client transmits data in real-time as a consumer receives electronic messages. A secure communications link is established separately from the links established for normal use of the client, the electronic messages being analyzed and relevant advertisements, messages or promotions is chosen and transmitted back to the client, the client displays such advertisements, messages or promotions in a delayed manner when the customer starts to read his electronic message, the display portion having been authorized in prior by the customer, that portion distinctly different and demarcated from the electronic message body. The client will have intelligence to associate different delivered advertisements with different received electronic messages, thus displaying the right advertisement when the right message is being read by the consumer.

In another embodiment, a graphical user interface is modified on mobile telephone handsets such that a portion of the screen is dedicated to being an advertising channel, the consumer having agreed to such a change in return for an direct economic incentive, the advertising channel being always available in real-time, data about the customer is collected and analyzed to choose the advertisements to be pushed to the channel, alternatively the modified GUI on the handset allowing the consumer to pull specific advertisements or promotions by entering his request.

The advertising channel may run in the background all the time, except when it is triggered to display on the screen by certain user activity that is associated with the likelihood of the user looking at the screen. The method is a form of intelligent targeted background advertising to ensure that advertising channel can be activated or de-activated depending on user-phone context.

In order that features and advantages of the present invention may be further appreciated embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, of which:

FIG. 1 represents a mobile phone GIU modified in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows data flow in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows content serving;

FIG. 4 provides more detail thereof;

FIG. 5( a) shows a GUI interface during message composition; and

FIG. 5( b) the interface after sending is complete.

In summary, according to one aspect of the invention in a data communication system (FIG. 2) a SMS data communication client (21) operates in known fashion. An additional communication channel (23) is established and data being entered into the client is transmitted to a central server (22). At the server end the user is identified in a customer database (24) which also stored a profile of the user. Information from an ad database (25) is selected for transmission back to the client in dependence upon the data and profile. Where the information takes the form of advertising, it may be displayed by the client as a truncated indicator during message entry and a fuller composition with active links after sending is completed.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a mobile phone graphical user interface to establish a channel for marketing.

-   -   The major operating systems on mobile phones today are Symbian,         Palm OS, Microsoft CE and others which are proprietary to the         manufacturer. The trend however is towards non-proprietary or         more open systems to encourage development of new applications         on the operating system.

The invention is implemented as a software package that can be downloaded to a mobile phone and which will then customize the graphical user interface and other relevant aspects in the following ways:

-   -   a. At least 15% of the screen space 10 (FIG. 1) is taken over by         the client application which can display images, banners,         interactive applications etc all the time or at the time of its         choosing. This term is referred to as ‘adbar’ (11) in the rest         of the document.     -   b. The client communicates in real-time with the server         application that may be part of the central infrastructure.     -   c. The protocol used for the communication is a secure form of         GPRS. The normal use of the mobile phone with respect to voice         calls, electronic messages, Internet usage will all be         unaffected and within the control of the consumer and the mobile         service provider.     -   d. The adbar 11 has a system to autohide when the phone is not         in use in order to conserve battery power. Unlike current         SMS/MMS advertising, the adbar does not rely on actively         notifying the customer when it is running any ads. Instead it         will run non-intrusively in the background and will only come up         when the user has a high likelihood of looking at the screen.     -   e. User activities when there is a high likelihood of looking at         the screen are sending and receiving electronic messages,         looking up phonebook or addressbook, modifying phone settings,         modifying calendar and running other applications on the screen         which requires visual interaction.     -   f. There are design features that provide the consumer choice in         the form of the nature of the ads and also the ability to turn         off the adbar when needed. However, it is envisaged that the         user would II have to turn it on for a certain minimum number of         ads in return for the contractual advantage with the service         provider or sponsor of an economic incentive.

An advantage of the present invention is that consumer acceptance of content may be establish in a clear and binding fashion leading to low risk or tolerance of annoyance to the detriment of advertising effectiveness or revenue.

Consumers may be provided with a direct economic incentive so that they agree to let advertising be presented directly to their mobile phones, specifically:

-   -   a. The consumer will have a hardware discount during purchase;     -   b. The consumer will have a monthly airtime/charges discount         which will also be tied into their use of the adbar;     -   c. In return, the consumer will provide for example the service         provider or like interested party with data about specific         interests, likes, dislikes, purchasing habits, location         information and other kinds of information relevant to         marketing; and     -   d. The consumer will at their option also sign a binding         agreement to receive information advertising, promotion and         other services through the adbar. The consumer will also agree         to real-time targeting advertising based on the content and         source of his electronic message. The consumer will allow a         software client to be installed that will transmit in real-time         electronic message contents as they are typed out prior to         sending out, the client will also transmit in real-time received         electronic messages prior to their being read by the consumer.

The invention enables real-time targeting advertising based on electronic message content and individual customer profile & delayed delivery for received messages. In the case of received messages for example, there is a lapse of time between the message being delivered to a consumer and him or her actually opening the message to read it. In the case of SMS for example, there is typically a message received notification for the consumer to click and open to proceed to the contents of the message. In this particular scenario, the invention enables the relevant advertising information to be sent to the client during this particular time difference hence enabling a faster user experience.

Dataflow within the system is set forth in FIG. 2. The client for the adbar 20 reads in real-time as the consumer types out or is reading in real-time an electronic message 21 on his mobile phone. The client then transmits the data to a central server 22 through the separate secure GPRS channel 23. The central server has the computing power to recognize keywords, associate them with the rest of the consumer database 24, choose relevant content from the content database 25 and deliver it to the client for display. All this is done in real-time preferably in a contractual framework, making the marketing both relevant and acceptable.

When the consumer receives an electronic message, the client also reads and transmits the data out to the server. This enables delivery of personalized content to the consumer. Such content will preferably be displayed once the consumer starts to read his electronic message.

The adbar is one way of implementing the present invention and provides both an indication that advertising is active and a revealable fink to either the advertisement itself or further dialogue to items of potential interest.

In other embodiment, the advertisement regime is divided between a teaser ad and a functional ad.

For example, whilst an SMS message is being entered and after the text has been sufficiently analysed for the server to be able to supply some context, one or more teaser ads (50, FIG. 5( a)) are displayed. Once the message is sent a functional ad (51, FIG. 5( b)) is displayed, for example along with the sent message notification. The functional ad is a fuller display preferably with active links to allow actual products or services to be ordered or accessed.

In some embodiments, ads may be stored in the terminal device. For example if a functional ad matching a newly transmitted teaser ad is already stored it will be displayed for added speed of operation; otherwise the functional ad will be transmitted. Further speed improvements may be forthcoming if some extra data is added during message transmission containing the results of any parsing or language processing that has already been applied by the server. In this way, repetition of activity at the server associated with the receiving device may be reduced.

A similar approach may be adopted during message reception, with the teaser ad being displayed with a message arrival notification or initial reading and the functional ad during reading, after a certain perusal time or after message closing.

It may be noted that the system may be arranged such that the ads are the same, or different as obtained by the sender and the receiver. If the ad represents a global service, it may be appropriate to include data in the transmission to ensure that the sending teaser and the receiving teaser are the same. The functional as could then be either the same, or locally generated (for example to reflect regional pricing or dealerships) as appropriate.

Equally, the profile, context and location may be considered to avoid sending ads for meat products to vegetarians or ice cream ads during winter or to those experiencing cold weather, even though at the sender's location it may be hot.

The regime of selection and data transfer will now be described in more detail and is based on a content serving (ad serving subsystem) installed by the service provider.

The real time ad serving subsystem enables the client to connect to the server, inform it of the data being input or viewed by the user, and fetch ads or other relevant information and display it to the user in a timely manner. The protocol FIG. 3 contains two participants: the client software 30, and the ad server 31. The protocol may be discussed in terms of the following functions.

Registration (32)

This phase of the protocol is executed after the user downloads and installs the client software. (In another embodiment, the wireless operator or the handset manufacturer may install the client software on the phone prior to the user purchasing it. In that scenario, there is a distinct subsequent phase, called activation of the client, when the phone is sold to the user, and the registration protocol is executed as part of the activation phase rather than at the time of the installation.)

The registration protocol consists of a single message sent by the client to the server. The message is sent as a SMS text message. The contents of the message are the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number of the client device and the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number of the client device.

When the server receives the SMS text message, it looks up the Mobile Originator (MO) number of the sender of the message. The server then creates a record for the client in its database of clients, using the IMSI, IMEI and the MO numbers.

The MO is used to look for an existing user profile. If no user with that MO is present in the server's database of users, a new, empty user profile is created and populated with the MO. The newly created user profile is linked to the entry for the client and used in the subsequent phases of the protocol. The profile is also marked as being empty and in need of filling-in by other components. If a user-profile is found for the MO, then that user-profile is linked to the entry for the client, and used in subsequent phases of this protocol.

Content Serving (33)

When the user of the client device initiates an SMS message, or receives an SMS message, the Ad-Serving phase of the protocol is triggered. Depending on whether the user is composing an SMS message or receiving one, some details of the protocol vary. But generally, the following actions are taken:

Session Initialization

The first message sent by the client in this phase is a SESSION-INIT message 40 (FIG. 4). A SESSION-INIT message contains the client's IMSI and IMEI number, and a MODE indicator.

Upon receiving the message, the server uses the IMSI and IMEI number to look up a client entry in its database. If an entry with matching IMSI and IMEI numbers are found, then that entry is used for subsequent actions. If no such entry is found, then the server sends a NOT-AUTHORIZED message to the client. If the client receives a NOT-AUTHORIZED message as the first message from the server, it disconnects from the server and goes back to the Registration Phase. It does not communicate any more to the server for the duration of the current SMS composition or viewing. It retries this phase of the protocol, starting with a SESSION-INIT message, when the user initiates an SMS compose or receive action the next time.

The MODE indicator is an integer field identifying the “mode” the client is operating in. One value, called EDITOR-MODE, is used by the client to indicate that the user is composing a message. Another value, called VIEWER-MODE, is used by the client to indicate that it is contacting the server because the user has received a SMS message.

Data Input Delivery

If this phase was triggered because the user has received an SMS message, the client sends a single message to the server of the type INSMSG.

If this phase was triggered because the user is composing an SMS message, the client sends multiple messages to the server, each message being any one of the following types:

-   -   INSMSG: this message indicates that some characters were input         at a certain position by the user. In the situation where the         SMS is a received SMS, this message will contain all the         characters in the SMS text.     -   DELMSG: this message indicates that some characters at a certain         position have been deleted by the user.     -   RPLMSG: this message indicates that some characters at a certain         position have been replaced by the user by some other         characters.

Ad Delivery

If the session was started in the “VIEWER-MODE” by the client, the server performs the following actions:

-   -   1. It waits for the INSMSG containing the full SMS text, from         the client;     -   2. Upon reception of the INSMSG, it looks for a relevant ad or         other content (this function is discussed in detail below); the         protocol then follows steps 3-9.

If the session was started in the “EDITOR-MODE”, the server waits for one or more INSMSG, RPLMSG, or DELMSG from the client, and at the reception of each message takes the subsequent steps.

-   -   3. If a relevant ad or content is found, the server compares the         relevance value of the ads or contents to a threshold value. If         the relevance value is lower than the threshold value, or if no         ad or content is found, the server sends a USECLIENTCACHE         message to the client. This message indicates that the server is         unable to furnish a relevant ad or content and the client should         show some ad or content using its local cache (discussed in more         detail below).     -   4. If a relevant ad is found, whose relevance value is higher         than the threshold value, the server checks if the ad or content         is already cached on the client. If the ad is cached on the         client, the server sends the client a DISPLAYCACHEDAD message.         This message contains the globally unique identifier for the ad,         and indicates to the client that the client should retrieve the         ad with that identifier from its local cache and display it to         the user.     -   5. If a relevant ad with a high enough relevance is found as         above, but the server detects that the ad is not cached in the         client, the server looks up the “caching-factor” value for the         ad (discussed in more detail below). If the caching factor value         is above the global “caching-threshold” value, then the server         sends a SHOWANDSTOREAD message to the client. This message         contains the full contents of the ad, and indicates to the         client that it should not only display the ad to the user, but         also store it in the local cache.     -   6. If, in the above step, the “caching-factor” of the ad was         below the “caching-threshold” value, the server sends a SHOWAD         message 42 to the client. This message contains the full         contents of the ad and indicates to the client that it should         display the ad to the user, and discard the contents once the ad         has ceased to be displayed.

Session Termination

The session is terminated when:

-   -   The client has received an ad successfully;     -   The server could not find an entry for the client after the         SESSION-INIT message.

There is no special termination message. The client or the server simply closes the connection.

By way of example, the process may be better understood by further reference to FIG. 4.

-   -   1. The client instantiates a TCP connection with the server and         immediately sends a SESSION-INIT command, containing its         identifiers, and indicating that the client is operating in the         EDITOR mode. The server accepts the client's identification and         does not send back a ‘NOT-AUTHORIZED’ message.     -   2. The client sends successive messages to the server as the         message is being composed by the user. In this illustration,         they are:         -   a. 0, P: this message indicates that character ‘P’ has been             inserted at position ‘0’ (the beginning) of the message by             the user.         -   b. 1, I: this message indicates that character ‘I’ has been             inserted at position ‘1’ by the user;         -   c. 2, Z: this message indicates that character Z′ has been             inserted at position ‘2’ by the user. In our illustration,             these messages will all be of the type INSMSG as described             above. After these three messages, the server will conclude             that the user has composed ‘PIZ’.

The server is continually executing relevance search based on the input seen so far. In our illustration, it is able to conclude after three messages that a relevant enough ad (about, for e.g., pizza) exists, that the said ad is not cached, and sends the client the SHOWAD message, as described above, containing the ad.

Feedback

When the client displays an ad to the user, it also presents a way for the user to indicate his or her satisfaction for the ad. In one embodiment, this is implemented as a menu option on the display screen that allows the user to rate the ad on a scale. The feedback phase of the protocol consists of a single RATING message from the client to the server. This message contains the ad or contents globally unique identifier, the client's IMSI and IMEI, and the rating assigned by the user. The feedback may be presented at any time, and not necessarily after the addelivery phase. In particular, the user may visit the history of the ads that have been displayed and stored in the local cache by the client, and may assign ratings to them, including new ratings for ads that have already been assigned ratings.

Relevance Engine

The relevance engine is the component in the server responsible for finding relevant ads or content in response to the client's inputs, and also deciding when and which ad should be shown to the client. This function may be subdivided into two more functions.

Ranking

At any given point of time in this phase of the protocol, the server has an idea of the contents being viewed or composed by the user. It uses the text of the contents, and the profile of the user, to conduct an incremental search over its database of ads. Conceptually, for each ad, a score is computed. The score is a number that indicates how relevant the ad is to the user. The relevance is actually a composite metric that takes into account these factors:

-   -   Whether the contents of the SMS message have any bearing to the         ad being served;     -   Whether the user's profile indicates he/she will find the ad         relevant;     -   If the date and time of this session has ay bearing on whether         an ad is relevant to the user;     -   Whether the user's past history indicates that the same ad or a         similar ad has already been displayed to the user.     -   The score can then be used to “rank” the ads in an order of         relevance. Obviously, for performance, some of the partial         metric that constitute the final score are pre-computed. The         scoring action then becomes a matter of computing some real time         metrics and combining them with the pre-computed metrics, for         every ad in the database.

Thresholding

The threshold computation is relevant to the situation where an SMS is being composed, and is the embodiment of two observations.

The first observation is that the time taken to compose an SMS text, and the length of the SMS text, follows a probability distribution with known mean and variance. The mean and variance may vary between classes of SMS messages, and between users.

The second observation is that as more SMS text is available, the more capable is the ranking function described in the previous section of finding the optimal ad or content relevant to the user. Hence it is advantageous to not serve an ad or content as soon as one is found based on the current user input, but to wait for more user input in the hope that an even more relevant ad or content may be found. However, the longer the server waits to serve an ad, the higher the probability that the user will have finished composing the SMS and terminate the session.

Combining the two observations, a thresholding algorithm is constructed. This algorithm takes as inputs a user profile, a temporal probability distribution of SMS composition, and the current SMS contents. It then computes a threshold value as a function of the probability that the SMS is about to be terminated. The higher the probability that the SMS is going to be terminated soon, the lower the threshold. The threshold is directly related to ad or content relevance scores: it indicates how relevant an ad or content should be before it served. If no ad or content with a relevance score higher than the threshold is found, the server waits for more input from the client. If an ad or content with relevance higher than the threshold is found, then the server serves that ad or content to the user and terminates the session.

The server thus uses the outputs of the ranking function and the thresholding function to make the decision whether an ad should be served or it whether it should wait for more user input.

The relevance/thresholding relationship may be refined through feedback, for example the number of functional ad activations or consumer ratings. Moreover ad suppliers may specify some conditions under which their ads should be given preference. In this way operational performance is improved by both automated and human intelligence and experience.

NLP (Natural Language Processing) Engine

Users of SMS do not often use the same linguistic conventions as are prevalent in other media (for e.g., emails, handwritten letters, and print). In particular, SMS messages contain alternative spellings (often acronyms) for common words, and an abbreviated grammar.

The NLP engine of the server is the component responsible for adapting ad or content specification offered by the content provider to the linguistic conventions of SMS messages. It functions in two phases.

Ad Adaptation

At the point of content creation and uploading of the ad or content into the system, the advertiser is asked to specify the context in which the ad is relevant. One part of this context is a list of “keywords”—words appearing in a SMS message that are good indicators that the user is composing text about a topic that the ad is relevant to.

The NLP engine takes as input the set of keywords specified by the advertiser and outputs another set of keywords, augmenting the original set. The augmented set contains spelling variants of the keywords specified by the advertiser that may occur in SMS texts. The NLP engine takes into account the target user demographic, as specified by the advertiser. In particular, users of different ages, affluence, and cultures will tend to use different linguistic conventions, including alternative word forms.

Reverse Tuning

When an ad rating is received from a client device, the rating is input to the NLP engine, along with the ad contents, the SMS text that led to the ad being served, and the output of the ranking engine for that ad and SMS text. The NLP engine observes those keywords in the SMS that were not matched to any keyword in the ad, and tries to match them to the keywords in the ad. The output of this phase is a list of words from the SMS that are possible matches to the keywords in the ad, along with a score. The higher the score, the more the likelihood there is that a word matches a keyword. The score is a composite metric and takes into account:

-   -   Similarity in spellings of a word and a keyword in terms of a         hamming distance;     -   Similarity in the “sound” of a word and a keyword, as an output         of a soundex algorithm and pronunciation dictionary.

The words are then put into a queue, prioritized according to the score. The queue may be subsequent reviewed by a human operator as candidate keywords. Another usage of the words would be to automatically include them as keywords without human intervention if the score is high enough that is higher than the “inclusion threshold”. This is discussed in the next section.

Reflective Learning

When the NLP engine is used to automatically include candidate words as keywords for an ad, an entry is made into the server's database for the candidate keywords to be reviewed by a subsystem of the NLP engine, called the Reflection System.

When a certain number of ratings from users for a given ad are collected, the Reflection System reviews the output of the ranking function for that ad and the SMS texts that led to the ad being served. If the ranking function used an automatically generated keyword for the match, then the reflection system takes one of two actions:

-   -   If the average rating assigned by the users was higher than         neutral, and the automatically generated keyword contributed         more than a certain percentage to the overall score, then the         inclusion threshold is reduced by a certain number.     -   If the average rating assigned by the user was neutral or         negative, and the automatically generated keyword contributed         more than a certain percentage to the overall score, then the         inclusion threshold is increased by a certain number.

The reason the threshold is increased even when the rating is neutral is because an extra candidate keyword has lead to additional processing effort on the server, but no appreciable increase in relevance to the user.

Intelligent Ad Caching System

The ad server system contains an ad caching mechanism and protocol for enhanced performance and user experience. The protocol is executed between the client and the server, like the real time ad-serving protocol, but it uses a separate channel. The protocol is described first, followed by an explanation of the server functions that aid the execution of the protocol.

Ad Cache Serving Protocol

In one aspect of this system, the client periodically initiates the protocol at predefined times and intervals. In another aspect of this system, the server determines that a client needs to update its cache, and sends a specially formatted SMS message to the client. Upon reception of the SMS, the client initiates the cache update protocol.

At the start of the protocol, the client connects to the server and sends a GETCACHE message. This message indicates its IMEI and IMSI numbers, and requests the server for a cache update. In one implementation, this connection is established over HTTP, and the message processing method used follows the conventions of the CGI (Common Gateway Interface) mechanism.

If the server does not recognize the client's identifiers it sends an error indicator and closes the connection. In the HTTP implementation the HTTP 401 status code is used for this purpose.

When the client has connected and offered correct identifiers, the server checks its local ad cache database to detect if the client's cache needs to be updated. If there is no need for the client to update its cache, the server sends an indicator to the client that no content is available and closes the connection. In the HTTP implementation, the HTTP 401 status code is used for this purpose.

If the database indicates that the client's cache needs to be updated, the server computes the changes to be made to the clients cache and sends a specification to the client. The specification consists of ads to be downloaded by the client, ads to be removed from the client's local cache, and the new default ad to be used by the client if necessary. In the HTTP implementation, the cache specification is sent as an XML document.

When the client has received a cache specification, it parses the specification and takes the following actions:

-   -   If the specification dictates one or more ads are to be deleted,         the client deletes them from the local cache and removes links         to those ads from its ad history. The user is then unable to         browse those ads while checking the history.     -   If the specification dictates one or more ads to be downloaded,         the client sends a number of GETAD messages to the server. As a         result of processing the GETAD message, the server returns to         the client the requested ad. In the HTTP implementation, the         GETAD message is a GET HTTP request and the processing is done         by a CGI which returns to the client a binary file containing         the requested ad.     -   If the specification dictates that the default as has to be         changed, the client proceeds as in the normal ad download,         except that it uses the received ad contents to replace the         contents of the default ad. When the client has finished         processing the cache specification, it sends a SYNCREPORT         message to the server, indicating the results of processing each         command in the specification. In the HTTP implementation, the         SYNCREPORT message is implemented as a HTTP PUT request, and the         body of the PUT request is a file containing the formatted         specification of the results of processing the commands in the         cache specification.

Ad Cache Construction

In order to make a good cache specification, the server needs to compute the following variables:

-   -   Which of the ads in its database are relevant to a given client         (using only the profile information available to the server);     -   What kind of messages, in terms of keywords, is the user of the         client likely to send in the near future (using the recent         history of messages sent by the user);     -   Which of the relevant ads found in the first step are relevant         to the messages likely to be sent by the user;     -   How much storage is available on the client (using its knowledge         of the client device and the ads currently cached in the         device);     -   Which of the ads found in the third step above will fit best in         the available storage.

Once the server has computed these variables, it arrives at a list of ads that should be in the cache. The server compares this list to the list of ads that it knows are already in the client's cache and:

-   -   If the current cache contains an ad that is not in the new list,         it is flagged for deletion;     -   If the policy for the client does not forbid changing the         default ad, the ad in the new list that was the most relevant ad         in step 1 (i.e., based solely on the user profile) is flagged to         be made the default ad.     -   Out of the remaining ads, if the current cache does not contain         an ad that is in the new list, it is flagged for addition.

Ad Cache Usage

The ad cache is used in two scenarios.

Real Time Ad Serving

During the real time ad serving protocol, when the server computes a composite relevance score for each ad, the score is incremented by a certain amount for the ad if it already occurs in the client's cache but is not the default ad. If the ad is in the client's cache and is the default ad, its score is decremented by a certain amount.

This mechanism slightly favours the display of ads that are cached by a client. When the server decides to serve a cached ad, it merely has to indicate the identifier of the ad to the client. The client is able to retrieve the ad from its local cache and display it to the user, instead of having to download the contents of the ad from the server. The result is that an ad may be served faster, reducing network bandwidth consumption, and enhancing user experience.

Ad Displays During Network Disruption

At times of poor network connectivity, the client may fail to connect to the network. Alternatively, the server may determine that the client may take a very long time to communicate the SMS contents to the server, and send the client a USECLIENTCACHE message. In both situations, the client uses a simplified version of the keyword matching algorithm to match the SMS contents against the keywords of the ads stored in its local cache. The ad with the highest matching score is displayed, as long as its score is above the “local-display-threshold” value.

One possible appearance of the mobile phone interface during message composition (a) and after sending (b) is shown in FIG. 5. In particular, the form of the advertising or information portion may be different during each phase, for example enticing during sending and more detailed thereafter. The content may be arranged such that links may be followed to order a product or service therefrom.

Ways in which the present invention maybe useful or relevant to various user will now be considered.

The consumers who sign up for economic incentives will primarily use advertising-subsidized mobile telephony. (We will term these as customer type A). However, it is also an objective to increase the appeal of the product to all consumers who may not sign up with directly. Such customers may want to use advertising-subsidized mobile telephone only occasionally. (We will term these as customer type B).

In one mode of use, the consumer is provided with the ability to turn the adbar on and off by for example of sending an electronic message. When he turns the adbar on, he will be able to send a discounted or even free electronic. Similarly, he will receive an economic incentive to read the electronic he receives with the adbar on. Otherwise, the phone behaves as before.

EXAMPLES

-   1. Customer Alex (customer type A), male, 25 has specified one of     his interests as video games. He also works in the city. His office     is close to a shopping mall where a games consol manufacturer is     having a roadshow of their latest models. The adbar service would     let Alex know of this roadshow in advance, and also provide him a     reminder at lunch-time about the Promotion. -   2. Customer Linda (customer type A), female 18 is typing out an     electronic message which includes the key word “movie”. The adbar     client is sending the data back in real-time even before the     electronic message is completed. The adbar server looks up Linda's     personal profile, age, location information and the current time. It     determines that a new movie with Linda's favorite star, Mel Gibbs is     running at a theatre close to Linda's home. It lets Linda know of     the same and provides her a discount coupon for 2 people to watch     the show right away. -   3. Customer Max (customer type B) who has not signed up for the     adbar service has however downloaded our application after filling     out his profile details. He goes to the phone menu and sees the     following options

If the customer chooses to send free electronic, the adbar client is activated. It then does its function of delivering targeted advertising as the electronic message is being typed out.

If the customer does not wish to have advertising sponsored electronic messaging, he chooses the normal electronic for which the mobile service provider will bill him.

Similar to the above, we will have a choice for receiving free electronic as well.

-   4. Customer Tom (type A or B) was served an advertisement for     digital photo printing services at a location close to him with a     discount promotion while he was browsing the pictures that he had     taken through his mobile phone. However, he is not interested in     printing right now. The next day however, he remembers the promotion     and would like to use it. He uses his mobile phone and through     simple intuitive use of the interface, he is able to browse and     search the history of the ads served and find the right promotion.     If the local cache of ads served does not contain enough historical     information (if Tom wants last months ads), he could access the     information through a website where he will have a secured access. -   5. When Tom is browsing previous ads on his mobile phone, it is     possible that one of the contexts has changed significantly. For     example, he might be looking at a digital photo printing service     associated with his past location and not present. The system will     be automatically able to adjust for this by dynamically accounting     for which context (user, keyword or location) has changed and     prompting the user to whether it should display an updated version     of the digital photo printing ad to account for the changed context. 

1-14. (canceled)
 15. A method for providing information to a terminal device, comprising: establishing a communications link to a remote data system; transmitting data being entered, accessed, received, derived or predicted to the remote data system via the communications link; receiving information, advertising or other relevant data from the remote data system via the communications link, the information, advertising or other relevant data being selected by the remote data system in part dependent on the transmitted data; and displaying the received information, advertising or other relevant data at the terminal device.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmitted data is entered, accessed or received via a data communications client configured to handle an e-mail, an SMS message, an instant message.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the communications link is separate from a data communications client channel.
 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the information, advertising or other relevant data is obtained and displayed substantially concurrently while the transmitted data is being entered, accessed or received.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the information, advertising or other relevant data selected by the remote data system is refined as additional data is entered or accessed.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein selection is context- or user-dependent.
 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the communications link runs in background.
 22. The method of claim 15, wherein an advertising includes a teaser advertisement and a functional advertisement displayed in sequence.
 23. The method of claim 15, wherein the information, advertising or other relevant data is received after a relevance value associated with the information, advertising or other relevant data exceeds a threshold value associated with the transmitted data.
 24. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmitted data is translated from a first language, grammar or scheme to a second language, grammar or scheme.
 25. The method of claim 15, wherein a form of the advertising or information display portion is different phases of data communication.
 26. The method of claim 15, wherein the information, advertising or other relevant data include user-accessible links to facilitate user purchases.
 27. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmitted data is generated when the user looks up an address in an address book, modifies a calendar in a calendar application, or modifies phone settings of the terminal device.
 28. A method for displaying advertisements to a user at a terminal device, comprising: receiving a first advertisement and a second related advertisement from a remote data system via a communications link; responsive to the user composing or reading an SMS message at the terminal device, displaying the first advertisement, wherein the first advertisement is in part dependent on a user preference and the SMS message; and responsive to a user indication of interest in the first advertisement, displaying the second related advertisement.
 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising: transmitting data related to the SMS message to the remote data system, wherein the first advertisement is in part dependent on the transmitted data.
 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the first advertisement is received and displayed substantially in real time while the user is composing or reading the SMS message.
 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the first advertisement and the second advertisement are cached at the terminal device.
 32. The method of claim 28, wherein a received SMS message includes free content dependent on a user selection.
 33. A method for providing information from a remote data system, comprising: establishing a communications link to a terminal device; receiving data being entered, accessed, received, derived or predicted from the terminal device via the communications link; transmitting information, advertising or other relevant data from the remote data system via the communications link, the information, advertising or other relevant data being selected in part dependent on the received data; and causing the terminal device to display the received information, advertising or other relevant data.
 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising: retrieving a user profile from an accessible database, wherein the information, advertising or other relevant data selected by the remote data system is in part dependent on the user profile.
 35. The method of claim 33, further comprising: retrieving the information, advertising or other relevant data from an accessible precompiled database.
 36. The method of claim 33, wherein a selection of the information, advertising or other relevant data is continually refined as additional data is received.
 37. The method of claim 33, wherein an advertising includes a first advertisement and a second related advertisement.
 38. A system, comprising: a terminal device, the terminal device configured to, establish a communications link to a remote data system, capture and transmit data being entered, accessed by, derived from or predicted from data being entered, accessed or received by a user, and receive information, advertising or other relevant data from the remote data system via the communications link, wherein the information, advertising or other relevant data is selected dependent on the transmitted data.
 39. A system, comprising: a remote data system, the remote data system configured to, establish a communications link to a terminal device, receive data being entered, accessed by, derived from or predicted from data being entered, accessed or received by a user at the terminal device, and transmit selected information, advertising or other relevant data to the terminal device via the communications link, wherein the information, advertising or other relevant data is dependent on the received data 